Enkelad (mjesec)

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Enkelad

Enceladus snimljen orbiterom Cassini, oktobar 2015.[a]
Discovery
Discovered by	William Herschel
Designations
Designation	Saturn II
Imenovan po	Ἐγκέλαδος Egkelados
Adjectives	Enceladean /ɛnsəˈleɪdiən/[1][2]
Orbital characteristics
Semi-major axis	7005237948000000000♠237.948 km[3]
Orbital period (sidereal)	7006137021800000000♠1,370218 d[3]
Inclination	0.009° (to Saturn's equator)[3]
Physical characteristics
Mean radius	7003252100000000000♠252,1±0,2 km[4][5] (7002395000000000000♠0,0395 Earths, 7003145100000000000♠0,1451 Moons)
Surface gravity	1.134 m/s2 (7002116000000000000♠0,0116 g)
Moment of inertia factor	7003330500000000000♠0,3305±0,0025[6]
Escape velocity	2.391 km/s (860.4 km/h)[3]
Synodic rotation period	Sinhrona
Axial tilt	0
Albedo	7003137500000000000♠1,375±0,008 (geometrijski na 550 nm)[7] or 7001810000000000000♠0,81±0,04 (Bond)[8]
Surface temp. min mean max Kelvin[9] 32.9 K 75 K 145 K Celsius −240 °C −198 °C −128 °C
Apparent magnitude	11.7[10]
Atmosphere
Surface pressure	Trace, significant spatial variability[11][12]
Composition by volume	91% vode pare 4% nitrogen 3.2% ugljen-dioksid 1.7% metan[13]

Enkelad (Enceladus) je prirodni Saturnov satelit kojeg je 1789. otkrio astronom William Herschel. Ime je dobio po gigantu Enkeladu iz starogrčke mitologije. Ovaj satelit ima drugo ime Saturn II.

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1. ^ Freitas, R. A. (1983). "Terraforming Mars and Venus Using Machine Self-Replicating Systems (SRS)". Journal of the British Interplanetary Society. 36: 139. Bibcode:1983JBIS...36..139F.
2. ^ Postberg et al. "Plume and surface composition of Enceladus", p. 129–130, 148, 156; Lunine et al. "Future Exploration of Enceladus and Other Saturnian Moons", p. 454; in Schenk et al., eds. (2018) Enceladus and the Icy Moons of Saturn
3. ^ ^{a b c d e f} "Enceladus: Facts & Figures". Solar System Exploration. NASA. 12. 8. 2013. Arhivirano s originala, 16. 10. 2013. Pristupljeno 26. 4. 2014.
4. ^ ^{a b} Roatsch, T.; Jaumann, R.; Stephan, K.; Thomas, P. C. (2009). "Cartographic Mapping of the Icy Satellites Using ISS and VIMS Data". Saturn from Cassini-Huygens. str. 763–781. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9217-6_24. ISBN 978-1-4020-9216-9.
5. ^ ^{a b c} Jacobson, Robert. A. (1. 11. 2022). "The Orbits of the Main Saturnian Satellites, the Saturnian System Gravity Field, and the Orientation of Saturn's Pole". The Astronomical Journal. 164 (5): 199. Bibcode:2022AJ....164..199J. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac90c9. S2CID 252992162 Provjerite vrijednost parametra |s2cid= (pomoć).
6. ^ McKinnon, W. B. (2015). "Effect of Enceladus's rapid synchronous spin on interpretation of Cassini gravity". Geophysical Research Letters. 42 (7): 2137–2143. Bibcode:2015GeoRL..42.2137M. doi:10.1002/2015GL063384.
7. ^ Verbiscer, A.; French, R.; Showalter, M.; Helfenstein, P. (9. 2. 2007). "Enceladus: Cosmic Graffiti Artist Caught in the Act". Science. 315 (5813): 815. Bibcode:2007Sci...315..815V. doi:10.1126/science.1134681. PMID 17289992. S2CID 21932253. (supporting online material, table S1)
8. ^ Howett, Carly J. A.; Spencer, John R.; Pearl, J. C.; Segura, M. (2010). "Thermal inertia and bolometric Bond albedo values for Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione, Rhea and Iapetus as derived from Cassini/CIRS measurements". Icarus. 206 (2): 573–593. Bibcode:2010Icar..206..573H. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2009.07.016.
9. ^ Spencer, John R.; Pearl, J. C.; et al. (2006). "Cassini Encounters Enceladus: Background and the Discovery of a South Polar Hot Spot". Science. 311 (5766): 1401–5. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1401S. doi:10.1126/science.1121661. PMID 16527965. S2CID 44788825.
10. ^ "Classic Satellites of the Solar System". Observatorio ARVAL. 15. 4. 2007. Arhivirano s originala, 20. 9. 2011. Pristupljeno 17. 12. 2011.
11. ^ Dougherty, M. K.; Khurana, K. K.; et al. (2006). "Identification of a Dynamic Atmosphere at Enceladus with the Cassini Magnetometer". Science. 311 (5766): 1406–9. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1406D. doi:10.1126/science.1120985. PMID 16527966. S2CID 42050327.
12. ^ Hansen, Candice J.; Esposito, L.; et al. (2006). "Enceladus' Water Vapor Plume". Science. 311 (5766): 1422–5. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1422H. doi:10.1126/science.1121254. PMID 16527971. S2CID 2954801.
13. ^ Waite, Jack Hunter Jr.; Combi, M. R.; et al. (2006). "Cassini Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer: Enceladus Plume Composition and Structure". Science. 311 (5766): 1419–22. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1419W. doi:10.1126/science.1121290. PMID 16527970. S2CID 3032849.
14. ^ "Enceladus". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Arhivirano s originala, 31. 7. 2020.
    "Enceladus". Merriam-Webster Dictionary.
15. ^ "Planetary Body Names and Discoverers". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. USGS Astrogeology Science Center. Arhivirano s originala, 25. 8. 2009. Pristupljeno 12. 1. 2015.
16. ^ Porco, C. C.; Helfenstein, P.; et al. (10. 3. 2006). "Cassini Observes the Active South Pole of Enceladus" (PDF). Science. 311 (5766): 1393–1401. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1393P. doi:10.1126/science.1123013. PMID 16527964. S2CID 6976648. Arhivirano (PDF) s originala, 6. 8. 2020. Pristupljeno 29. 8. 2020.